Which respiratory symptom may indicate rapid and shallow breathing?

Tachypnea is identified as a respiratory symptom characterized by rapid and shallow breathing. This condition often occurs in response to various stimuli, such as anxiety, pain, or respiratory distress, leading to an increased respiratory rate. In the context of trauma patients, tachypnea can be a crucial indicator of underlying issues such as hypoxia or tension pneumothorax, where the body is trying to compensate for inadequate oxygen levels by increasing breathing frequency.

The other options refer to different respiratory patterns: bradyapnea denotes slow breathing, apnea indicates a temporary cessation of breathing, and orthopnea describes difficulty breathing while lying flat, often associated with conditions like heart failure. Each of these conditions has distinct clinical implications, but tachypnea is specifically linked to the increased respiratory rate that results in rapid, often shallow breaths.